Culture - arts, cinemas, theatres, music

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Anglický jazyk

Going to the cinema / theatre / concerts / exhibitions / fashion shows[editovat]

  • Cinema – building that contains an auditorium for viewing films for entertainment. The film is projected with a movie projector onto a large projection screen at the front of the auditorium while the dialogue, sounds and music are played through a number of wall-mounted speakers. Subwoofers are often used for low-pitched sounds. A great variety of films are shown at cinemas:
    • Animated films – usually meant for children
    • Thrillers – movies that induce excitement and suspense in the audience. Tension is often created by delaying what the audience sees as inevitable, and is built through situations which are frightening or seem hopeless.
    • Science fiction films – films using speculative and fictional science-based phenomenons such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies.
    • Horror films – movies aiming to scare the audience commonly involving the intrusion of an evil force into the everyday world.
    • Comedy films – movies designed to make the audience laugh
    • Action films – film genre in which the protagonists have to face series of challenges that typically include violence, extended fighting, life threats and chases.
  • Theatre – place where live plays are performed. Actors and actresses present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience. Modern theatre includes performances of plays, musicals, ballets and operas.
  • Concerts – live music performance in front of an audience. The performance may be by a single musician, or by a music ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir or band. Some concerts include lights and special effects to add a visual element to the performance. Concerts may be held in concert halls which are built for the purpose, or in any other suitable building such as a stadium, school hall, or nightclub. Some concerts are given to large audiences in the open air.
  • Exhibitions – organised presentation and display of a selection of items. In practice, exhibitions usually occur within a cultural or educational setting such as a museum, art gallery, park, library, or exhibition hall. Exhibitions can include many things such as art, products of nature, interactive exhibits, or technical devices.
  • Fashion shows – events organized by fashion designers to showcase their upcoming line of clothing. In a typical fashion show, models walk the runway dressed in the clothing created by the designer.

Watching TV / video[editovat]

  • Television – mass medium for entertainment, news and advertising. Over 100 TV channels are available in Czech Republic. Television programmes can be divided into several categories:
    • Films – mostly movies that were originally shown in cinemas and arrived to television. However, some low-budget movies may be produced exclusively for television.
    • Series – audiovisual works released in episodes which follow a narrative, and are usually divided into seasons.
    • Soap operas – ongoing, episodic work of fiction presented in serial format on television featuring the lives of many characters and focusing on emotional relationships to the point of melodrama. They are usually aired several times a week and may have thousands of episodes.
    • Television news – programme informing of important world, national or regional events.
    • Talk show – genre in which one person (or group of people) discusses various topics put forth by a talk show host.
    • Television documentary – programmes meant to educate the audience or to present a range of interesting facts.
    • Many others...
  • Video – technology for the recording and playback of visual media. Digital video recorders may be used to record television broadcasting to a disk drive, USB flash drive or other storage device. Nowadays, videos are often watched on on-line video platforms, that enable users to upload and play back video content on the Internet.

Collecting things, libraries[editovat]

  • Collecting – a hobby that includes seeking, acquiring and storing items that are of interest to an individual collector. The range of possible subjects for a collection is practically unlimited, although some are much more popular than others:
    • Stamp collecting – collecting of postage stamps and related objects. It has been one of the world's most popular hobbies since the late nineteenth century with the rapid growth of the postal service. Stamps are one of the easiest items to collect due to their general availability and diversity.
    • Money collecting – collection of currency, including coins, banknotes and related objects.
  • Libraries – institutions collecting sources of information and similar resources, which are made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to books, periodicals, newspapers, films, maps, and other formats. In Czech Republic, the central and biggest library is the National Library of the Czech Republic, which stores around 6 million documents. Municipal Library of Prague is another major Czech library with over 2 million items in its collection.

What important art period do you know from the past – characterize it, its major representatives[editovat]

Renaissance – period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries. The term "renaissance" is a French word meaning "rebirth" of classical antiquity culture, which partially inspired art during that period. Some of the typical renaissance features were:

  • Antropocentrism – focus on human beings, their motivation, reasoning and cognition process
  • Individualism – emphasis is put author's original approach distinguishing him from others, artworks are no longer anonymous
  • Secularism – art isn't so influenced by religion, although some religious motifs are still present
  • Scientific basis of art – many artists pictured scientific discoveries in anatomy, optics and other disciplines. They also used new technologies in their works, such as perspective in oil painting or the recycled knowledge of how to make concrete in architecture.

Major representatives of renaissance:

  • Leonardo da Vinci
    • 1452-1519
    • Italian polymath – painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, scientist, mathematician, engineer...
    • Author of concepts of flying machines (helicopter, ornithopter), tank, submarine, calculator
    • Famous paintings – Mona Lisa, Lady with an Ermine, The Last Supper (painting of Jesus Christ with apostles)
  • William Shakespeare
    • 1564-1616
    • Globe Theatre
    • 38 plays, 154 sonnets
    • Tragedies
      • Hamlet – Prince Hamlets decides to revenge the murder of his father. Shakespeare's longest play
      • Macbeth – A Scottish general named Macbeth receives a prophecy from a trio of witches that one day he will become King of Scotland. He murders King Duncan and takes Scottish throne for himself. However, he quickly becomes paranoid and is forced to commit more and more murders to protect himself.
      • Otello – a tragedy about Othello, a Moorish general in the Venetian army. Because of the intrigues of his ensign Iago, he murders his wife Desdemona.
      • Romeo and Juliet – the story about two lovers, which are members of two feuding families. Friar Lawrence tries to help them, but his plan backfires and causes death of the both lovers.
    • Comedies
      • The Comedy of Errors
      • The Merchant of Venice – often played as tragedy in the modern context
      • Much Ado About Nothing
      • A Midsummer-night’s Dream
      • The Merry Wives of Windsor
      • The Taming of the Shrew

Do you yourself take part in any artistic activity?[editovat]

No, used to play on flute and ocarina.

Fine arts, galleries and theatres in Prague and London etc., Prague Spring[editovat]

  • Fine art – art developed primarily for aesthetics or beauty, distinguished from applied art, which also has to serve some practical function. The main fine arts are painting, sculpture, architecture, music, poetry, theatre, dance, film and photography.
  • Galleries
    • Prague
      • National Gallery in Prague – state-owned art gallery in Prague, which manages the largest collection of art in the Czech Republic. The collections of the gallery are not housed in a single building, but are located in a number of sites within the city of Prague, as well as other places:
        • Veletržní Palác – largest collection of National Gallery art, focused on modern art.
        • Convent of Saint Agnes of Bohemia – art of the Middle Ages in Bohemia and Central Europe
        • Šternberk Palace – European art from Antiquity to the end of the Baroque period
        • Schwarzenberg palace – Baroque in Bohemia
    • London
      • British Museum – museum dedicated to human history, art and culture. It is the fifth most visited art museum in the world. Its permanent collection numbers approximately 8 million works, and is among the largest and most comprehensive in the world. Many of the items were collected during the era of the British Empire. The museum doesn't charge any admission fee, except for special exhibitions.
      • Victoria and Albert Museum – world's largest museum of decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.3 million objects.
      • National Gallery – art museum in Trafalgar Square in Central London. It houses a collection of over 2300 paintings from the 13th century to 1900. It is the eight most visited art museum in the world. Although its collection is small in size, it holds works from every major European art school.
      • National Portrait Gallery – art gallery housing a collection of portraits of historically important and famous British people, selected on the basis of the significance of the sitter, not that of the artist. The collection includes photographs and caricatures as well as paintings, drawings and sculptures.
      • Tate Gallery – institution housing the United Kingdom's national collection of British art, and international modern and contemporary art. It is a network of five art museums.
  • Prague Spring International Music Festival – annual showcase for performing artists, symphony orchestras and chamber music ensembles of the world. It takes place in Prague from 12. May to 4. June.

Famous Czech painters, composers, actors, singers, groups[editovat]

  • Painters
    • Jan Zrzavý – leading Czech painter, graphic artist, and illustrator of the 20th century.
    • Emil Filla – Czech Painter, leader of the avant-garde in Prague and an early Cubist painter
    • Toyen – Czech painter, drafter and illustrator and a member of the surrealist movement
  • Composers
    • Bedřich Smetana – regarded as the father of Czech music. He is known for his opera The Bartered Bride and for the symphonic cycle My Homeland (Má vlast), which portrays the history, legends and landscape of Czechia.
    • Antonín Dvořák – composer famous for his inspiration by the folk music of Moravia and Bohemia. He wrote chamber music including several string quartets, piano music, songs, operas, oratorios and nine symphonies. One of this best known works is the New World Symphony.
  • Actors
    • Jiří Voskovec (AKA George Voskovec) – Czech actor and a dramatist. He is famous for his role in 12 Angry Men, an American film from 1957.
  • Singers
    • Karel Gott – considered the most successful male singer in the former Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic, and has been voted the country's best male singer in the annual Český slavík (Czech Nightingale) national poll 41 times.
  • Groups
    • Olympic – Czech rock band, founded in 1962